max connection is a threshold specified in MySQL: the maximum permitted number of simultaneous client connections (if exceed, apps will get “Too many connections” error from MySQL).
If clients encounter Too many connections errors when attempting to connect to the mysqld server, all available connections are in use by other clients.
The permitted number of connections is controlled by the max_connections system variable. To support more connections, set max_connections to a larger value.
| Command-Line Format | --max-connections=# |
|---|---|
| System Variable | max_connections |
| Scope | Global |
| Dynamic | Yes |
SET_VAR Hint Applies |
No |
| Type | Integer |
| Default Value | 151 |
| Minimum Value | 1 |
| Maximum Value | 100000 |
mysqld actually permits max_connections + 1 client connections. The extra connection is reserved for use by accounts that have the CONNECTION_ADMIN privilege (or the deprecated SUPER privilege). By granting the privilege to administrators and not to normal users (who should not need it), an administrator can connect to the server and use SHOW PROCESSLIST to diagnose problems even if the maximum number of unprivileged clients are connected.
查看 MySQL 的最大并发连接数设置：
$ mysql –u root –p
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'max_connections';
+-----------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------+-------+
| max_connections | 151 |
+-----------------+-------+
You can change the setting to e.g. 200 by issuing the following command without having to restart the MySQL server (obviously it will only work if the user you are logged in as has sufficient permissions to do this):
set global max_connections = 200;
This will take effect immediately, but will be forgotten the next time MySQL is restarted. To make the change permanent you need to edit the my.cnf configuration file.
$ vi /etc/my.cnf
There will be a section that looks like this: (may be slightly different)
[mysqld]
local-infile=0
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
user=mysql
symbolic-links=0
max_connections = 100
Save the changes and type the following to restart mysqld:
$ /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
You will see:
Stopping mysql: [ OK ]
Starting mysql: [ OK ]
max used connection is the maximum number of connections that have been in use simultaneously since the server started.
mysql> show global status like 'Max_used_connections';
+----------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-------+
| Max_used_connections | 2 |
+----------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
