Refer to https://dortania.github.io/OpenCore-Install-Guide/installer-guide/mac-install.html

下载镜像

Approach 1 - Munki’s InstallInstallMacOS utility

In order to run it, just copy and paste the below command in a terminal window:

mkdir -p ~/macOS-installer && cd ~/macOS-installer && curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/munki/macadmin-scripts/main/installinstallmacos.py > installinstallmacos.py && sudo python installinstallmacos.py

As you can see, we get a nice list of macOS installers. If you need a particular versions of macOS, you can select it by typing the number next to it. For this example we’ll choose 10:

This is going to take a while as we’re downloading the entire 8GB+ macOS installer, so it’s highly recommended to read the rest of the guide while you wait.

Once finished, you’ll find in your ~/macOS-Installer/ folder a DMG containing the macOS Installer, called Install_macOS_11.1-20C69.dmg for example. Mount it and you’ll find the installer application.

Note: We recommend to move the Install macOS.app into the /Applications folder, as we’ll be executing commands from there.
Note 2: Running Cmd+Shift+G in Finder will allow you to easily jump to ~/macOS-installer

Approach 2 -Command Line Software Update Utility

Open a terminal window then copy and paste the below command:

softwareupdate --list-full-installers;echo;echo "Please enter version number you wish to download:";read;$(if [ -n "$REPLY" ]; then; echo "softwareupdate --fetch-full-installer --full-installer-version "$REPLY; fi);

格式化 U 盘

Now we’ll be formatting the USB to prep for both the macOS installer and OpenCore. We’ll want to use macOS Extended (HFS+) with a GUID partition map. This will create two partitions: the main MyVolume and a second called EFI which is used as a boot partition where your firmware will check for boot files.

Note: By default, Disk Utility only shows partitions – press Cmd/Win+2 to show all devices (alternatively you can press the View button)

刷入 U 盘

Next run the createinstallmedia command provided by Apple (opens new window). Note that the command is made for USB’s formatted with the name MyVolume:

sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Big\ Sur.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia --volume /Volumes/MyVolume

This will take some time so you may want to grab a coffee or continue reading the guide (to be fair you really shouldn’t be following this guide step by step without reading the whole thing first).

Setting up OpenCore’s EFI environment

$ diskutil list

# mount your ESF 
$ sudo diskutil mount /dev/<your EFI IDENTIFIER>

You’ll notice that once we open the EFI partition, it’s empty. This is where the fun begins.

Refer to https://swsmile.info/post/hackintosh-build-usb-flash-drive/

通过 dmg 制作 iso 镜像

创建空的 cdr 镜像文件（ISO）

# 创建一个大小为18GB的 cdr
$ hdiutil create -o /tmp/Sonoma.cdr -size 18000m -layout SPUD -fs HFS+J

把这个 cdr 文件挂载到位于 /Volumes/install_build 的虚拟磁盘：

# first time to run
$ sudo hdiutil attach /tmp/Sonoma.cdr.dmg -noverify -mountpoint /Volumes/Sonoma
/dev/disk8          	Apple_partition_scheme
/dev/disk8s1        	Apple_partition_map
/dev/disk8s2        	Apple_HFS                      	/Volumes/Ventura2

Now will use the Createinstallmedia command to make the disk image bootable with macOS Sonoma.

$ sudo /Volumes/Install\ macOS\ Sonoma/Install\ macOS\ Sonoma.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia  --volume /Volumes/Sonoma --nointeraction
Erasing disk: 0%... 10%... 20%... 30%... 100%
Copying essential files...
Copying the macOS RecoveryOS...
Making disk bootable...
Copying to disk: 0%... 10%... 20%... 30%... 100%
Install media now available at "/Volumes/Install macOS Sonoma 2"

Convert and rename the Disk Image to ISO

$ hdiutil convert /tmp/Sonoma.cdr.dmg -format UDTO -o ~/Downloads/Sonoma
Reading Driver Descriptor Map (DDM : 0)…
Reading Apple (Apple_partition_map : 1)…
Reading  (Apple_Free : 2)…
Reading disk image (Apple_HFS : 3)…
.......................................................................................................
Elapsed Time: 29.600s
Speed: 608.1MB/s
Savings: 0.0%
created: /Users/weishi/Downloads/Sonoma.cdr
$ mv -v Downloads/Sonoma.cdr Downloads/Sonoma.iso
$ sudo rm -fv /tmp/Sonoma.cdr.dmg

至此全部完成，经过测试，桌面上的 “Sonoma.iso” 和可以用来加载在 VMWare 虚拟机光驱中安装苹果系统，亦可以用来克隆到 U 盘做安装盘。

Ref

https://i12bretro.github.io/tutorials/0763.html

【macOS】制作 macOS 安装 U 盘