参数
-R：是否递归，即如果列出的目录中仍有子目录或者文件，将所有目录下面的文件都显示出来。-l：显示文件的形态、权限、拥有者、文件大小、最后修改时间、文件的完整名称(文件名+扩展名)。显示格式是每一行显示一个文件或者目录。-a: List all files, including hidden files-r: list subdirectories recursively
Demo
ls -l - 列出文件的详细信息
The file mode printed under the -l option consists of the entry type, owner permissions, and group permissions. The entry type character describes the type of file, as follows:
b Block special file.
c Character special file.
d Directory.
l Symbolic link.
s Socket link.
p FIFO.
- Regular file.
$ ls -l
total 72160
drwxr-xr-x 9 ld-wei_shi ld-sgdev 4096 Dec 11 22:21 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Oct 22 01:16 ..
-rw------- 1 ld-wei_shi ld-sgdev 12062 Mar 7 23:01 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 ld-wei_shi ld-sgdev 220 Oct 13 10:23 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 ld-wei_shi ld-sgdev 3771 Oct 13 10:23 .bashrc
drwx------ 4 ld-wei_shi ld-sgdev 4096 Oct 28 22:26 .cache
drwx------ 4 ld-wei_shi ld-sgdev 4096 Oct 28 22:27 .config
-rw-r--r-- 1 ld-wei_shi ld-sgdev 77 Oct 28 22:27 .gitconfig
drwxr-xr-x 12 ld-wei_shi ld-sgdev 4096 Oct 15 14:17 .oh-my-zsh
ls -a - 显示隐藏文件
$ ls -a
. .gitconfig .zcompdump node_exporter-1.0.1.linux-amd64
.. .oh-my-zsh
ls -lh - Display with Human Readable Units (KB, MB, GB)
ls -lh
total 71M
-rw-r--r-- 1 ld-wei_shi ld-sgdev 18 Dec 11 22:21 dump.rdb
-rw-r--r-- 1 ld-wei_shi ld-sgdev 12K Nov 15 17:37 g | tail -20q
drwxr-xr-x 3 ld-wei_shi ld-sgdev 4.0K Oct 28 22:26 go
drwxr-xr-x 2 ld-wei_shi ld-sgdev 4.0K Oct 13 23:13 node_exporter-1.0.1.linux-amd64
-rw-r--r-- 1 ld-wei_shi ld-sgdev 9.1M Oct 13 23:12 node_exporter-1.0.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 5 ld-wei_shi ld-sgdev 4.0K Oct 15 15:23 prometheus-2.19.2.linux-amd64
-rw-r--r-- 1 ld-wei_shi ld-sgdev 62M Oct 14 12:03 prometheus-2.19.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
排序显示
-S: sort by file size, largest first--sort=WORD: sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S), time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X)
# Long format list sorted by size (descending)
$ ls -lS
# Long format list of all files, sorted by modification date (oldest first):
$ ls -ltr
# Sort by time
# change the default of using modification times; access time (-u): atime, access, use; change time (-c): ctime, status; birth time: birth, creation;
$ ls --time=WORD
Misc
（不递归地）列出当前目录下所有子目录的名称
$ ls -F | grep /$
# e.g.
$ tree
.
├── s3_deploy.sh
└── static
├── 834468-20180406232634472-395289491-20190611155858275.png
└── img
├── 404-bg.jpg
└── 834468-20180406232634472-395289491-20190611155858275.png
2 directories, 4 files
$ ls -F | grep /$
static/
（不递归地）计算当前目录下的文件数
$ ls -l * |grep "^-"|wc -l
（不递归地）计算当前目录下的文件夹数
$ ls -l * |grep "^d"|wc -l
（不递归地）列出当前文件夹下文件的绝对路径
$ ls | sed "s:^:`pwd`/:"
递归列出当前目录下的所有文件（包括隐藏文件）的绝对路径
$ find $PWD
不递归列出当前目录下的所有文件（包括隐藏文件）的绝对路径
$ find $PWD -maxdepth 1